Setting Child Support Payment Amounts The Percentage of Income Standard provides guidelines to Wisconsin courts for setting payment amounts for child support and medical support. These guidelines are based on the belief that both parents are responsible for supporting their children, whether they live together or not. The child support guidelines are based on: the parent's income the time a child spends with each parent whether a parent is supporting other children Percentage of Income Guidelines Each of the percentages below are applied to the parent's income for child support: 17% of income for 1 child 25% of income for 2 children 29% of income for 3 children 31% of income for 4 children 34% of income for 5 or more children Example: Monthly Income 1 child (17%) 2 children (25%) 3 children (29%) 4 children (31%) 5 children (34%) $1,500 $255 $375 $435 $465 $510 $2,000 $340 $500 $580 $620 $680 $2,500 $425 $625 $725 $775 $850 $3,000 $510 $750 $870 $930 $1,020 $3,500 $595 $875 $1,015 $1,085 $1,190 $4,000 $680 $1,000 $1,160 $1,240 $1,360 More examples using the basic guidelines Guidelines for Special Circumstances The court may use different guidelines for the special case types listed below: Shared Placement Cases Child Support Guidelines for Shared-Placement Cases Courts may use the shared-placement guidelines when a court gives each parent placement of the child for at least 25% of the time. The court will order each parent to provide the child's basic support costs in proportion to the time that parent cares for the child. The court must also assign responsibility for payment of the child's variable costs in proportion to each parent's share of placement. Incomes of both parents are used to set the amount of support. The parent's share of placement determines that parent's share of support. Example: Parents have 2 children Parent A: Monthly gross income is $2,000. Cares for both children 219 days a year (60% of the time) Parent B: Monthly gross income is $3,000. Cares for both children 146 days a year (40% of the time) (This chart does not include payments for the children's variable costs.) Parent A Parent B Monthly Income for Child Support $2,000 $3,000 Multiply the monthly income by 25% x 25% #1 $500 $750 For each parent, multiply the amount in line #1 by 150% x 150% #2 $750 $1,125 Multiply line #2 by the percent of time spent with the other parent x 40% x 60% #3 $300 $675 Subtract the lower amount from the higher amount in line #3. In this example, Parent B will pay $375/month $675 - 300 = $375 Serial Family Cases Child Support Guidelines for Serial Family Parents If a parent supports more than one family, the court may adjust the parent's income for later child support orders. Order of legal obligation The order of legal obligation is based on when the support order began. The legal obligation may include a parent's current, intact family. A support obligation begins on the date when: The child is born, if the child was conceived or born during the parent's marriage The child is adopted into an intact family Legal fatherhood is established or the child is adopted. For a child born outside of marriage, the duty to support begins at the child's birth. Example Monthly Income for Child Support $2,500 Support order for the 2 older children - $625 Adjusted income for younger child = $1,875 Percentage standard for 1 child x 17% Estimated support amount for 1 younger child $318.75 A parent has a support order for two older children and now has a new order for one younger child Split-Placement Cases Child Support Guidelines for Split-Placement Cases If the court orders the placement of one or more children with each parent, the court may use the split-placement guidelines. The court may prorate the Percentage Standard for each child in split-placement based on the total number of children. Prorated percentages: Each of the percentages below are applied to the parent's income for child support Cases with 2 children, 12.5% of income for each child Cases with 3 children, 9.67% of income for each child Cases with 4 children, 7.75% of income for each child Cases with 5 children, 6.8% of income for each child Example - Parents have 3 children Parent A - Monthly income of $3,000 and has placement of 2 children Parent B - Monthly income of $2,800 and has placement of 1 child Parent A Parent B Monthly income for child support $3,000 $2,800 Multiply Multiply monthly income by prorated percentage, based on the number of children with other parent x 9.67% x 19.34% The parent with the highest dollar amount in this line will be the parent who pays support = $290 = $542 Subtract the lower amount from the higher amount. In this example Parent B will pay $252 $542 - $290 = $252 High-Income Payer Cases Child Support Guidelines for High-Income Payers If the paying parent's income for child support is more than $84,000/year, the court may use the high-income payer guidelines. The Percentage Standard will determine support for the first $84,000 of income A second set of guidelines are applied to the income between $84,000 and $150,000/year A third set of guidelines are applied to income of more than $150,000/year Paying Parent's Monthly Income 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 children 5 children First $7,000 of income 17% 25% 29% 31% 34% Income between $7,000 and $12,500 14% 20% 23% 25% 27% Income above $12,500 10% 15% 17% 19% 20% Example A parent has an income of $14,000/month and supports two children Income portions/month Income amount Percent Support for each portion of income First $7,000 $7,000 x 25% = $1,750 Portion between $7,000 and $12,500 $5,500 x 20% = + $1,100 Portion greater than $12,500 $1,500 x 15% = + $225 Estimated support total = $3,075/month Low-Income Payer Cases Child Support Guidelines for Low-Income Payers If the paying parent's income for child support is less than $1,485/month the court may use the low-income payer guidelines. Support amounts vary with parent's monthly income and number of children. Low-income payer guidelines are based on income between 75% and 150% of the federal poverty level. The federal government updates the poverty level each spring. The information in the example below will change yearly. Examples using 2016 federal poverty level numbers Monthly Income 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 children 5 children $743 $83 $123 $142 $152 $167 $899 $112 $165 $191 $204 $224 $1,055 $144 $213 $247 $264 $289 $1,215 $181 $267 $310 $331 $363 $1,485 $252 $371 $431 $460 $505 More examples for low-income payers Child Support Guidelines Review Advisory Committee The federal government requires that states review their child support guidelines every four years. The Child Support Guidelines Review Advisory Committee is charged with providing input and recommendations to the Wisconsin Department of Children and Families (DCF) for consideration as part of the next required guidelines review. The Child Support Guidelines Review Advisory Committee includes representatives from the judiciary, child support agencies, public interest groups and DCF. 2020/2021 Guidelines Review Committee 2020/2021 Guidelines Review Committee Members August 17, 2021 Agenda Research Materials: Flexibility, Efficiency, and Modernization in Child Support Enforcement programs; Proposed Rule Center for Family Policy and Practice (CFFP) - Low-Income and Never-Married Families Paper: website with summary, Full Report Wisconsin Act 35 Presentations DCF 150 Changes WI Percentage of Income Standard Moving Toward Justice and Equity Minutes September 2, 2021 Agenda Research Materials: IRP The Use of Child Support Guidelines in Wisconsin: 2010 and 2013 Report: Full Report IRP Child Support Payments, Income Imputation, and and the Low-Income Guidelines Report: One-Page Summary, Full Report IRP Alternative Approaches to Income Imputation in Setting Child Support Orders Report: One-Page Summary, Full Report Presentations DCF 150 Imputation of Income Racial Disparity and Disproportionality in Child Support The Use of Child Support Guidelines in Wisconsin Child Support Payments, Income Imputation, and Default Orders Alternative Approaches to Income Imputation in Setting Child Support Orders Minutes September 14, 2021 Agenda Research Materials: IRP Cost of Raising Children and Expenditures on Children Report: One-Page Summary, Full Report IRP Recent Changes to Guidelines for Low-Income Noncustodial Parents Report: One-Page Summary, Full Report Child Support Guidelines Review Report 2015 Low Income Serial Payor Example Federal Rule Wage Imputation Language Equivalent Care Handout DCF 105.03(3) Options for Discussion Presentations How Much Child Support Should We Expect from Low-Income Fathers? Costs of Raising Children and Expenditures on Children Child Support Guidelines Advisory Panel Meetings Recap Minutes September 30, 2021 Agenda Research Materials DCF 150.03(3) Revised Option Health Insurance Establishment Examples Low Income Serial Family Example Proposed Language Change to DCF 150.04(1)(b)3.a. Minutes Background Research Potential Effect of a Self-Support Reserve in Wisconsin USDA - Expenditures of Children by Families, 2015 New Mexico Report DCF 150: Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D IRP Research Agreement with DCF The State of Working Wisconsin 2019 Getting Blood from Stones - Article Wisconsin Department of Children and Families Child Support Bulletins (CSBs): 20-18R SSDI Payments and Calculating Child Support 20-10 Flexibility, Efficiency, and Modernization in Child Support Enforcement Final Rule - Technical Amendments 18-08 Birth Cost Guidelines 18-07 Support Calculations in Cases Receiving Adoption Assistance 18-04 Changes to DCF 150 17-14 Incarcerated Non-Custodial Parents Code of Federal Regulations - Guidelines for setting child support orders Case Law: Dumler Decision Income Used to Set Child Support Orders Below are some of the factors a court considers to determine how much income a payer has to pay support with: Gross Income Gross income is defined as all income and earnings from all sources. The income may or may not be taxable. Income can be in the form of money, property, or services. Gross income includes: wages, salaries, earnings, tips, interest, capital gains, commissions, and bonuses worker's compensation or other personal injury awards intended to replace income unemployment insurance income continuation benefits and Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) payments contributions to retirement and cafeteria plans and undistributed income of a corporation military allowances and veterans disability benefits Gross income does not include: child support public assistance payments, such as W-2 cash payments or FoodShare payments Ability to Earn The court can consider a parent's ability to earn based on: past earnings current physical and mental health history of child care responsibilities and periods of physical placement education and training local job openings Income from Assets Income may be based on assets, such as: Life insurance Cash and deposit accounts Stocks and Bonds Business interests For more information, please see Administrative Rule DCF 150, Appendix B Questions Parents ask about Setting Child Support Why are the guidelines based on gross income and not net income? Gross income is a more accurate reflection of income. Net income may be manipulated through the use of exemptions and deductions. What is the Percentage Standard? The Percentage of Income Standard provides guidelines to Wisconsin courts for setting child support and medical support. The guidelines are based on the parent's income, the time a child spends with each parent, and whether a parent is supporting other children. How were the guidelines in the Percentage Standard chosen? Wisconsin's guidelines are based on a study that shows the amount of income parents use to raise their children. The guidelines assume that when parents are living apart, both parents will continue to spend part of their income on their children. The guidelines are based on the principle that a child's standard of living should not be negatively affected because his or her parents are not living together. Do courts use the Percentage Standard when setting family support orders? Family support orders combine child support and spousal maintenance. The family support amount determined under the Percentage Standard should be increased by the amount necessary to provide a net family support payment, after taxes are paid, of at least the amount of the child support set by the guidelines. Do courts have to use the guidelines in the Percentage of Income Standard? A court may order a parent to pay more or less than the amounts set by the Percentage of Income Standard if the court decides that the Income Standard would be unfair to the child or one of the parents. The court must note the reason for not using the guidelines.
